c = a + b
Level 1: The c program - file storage
Level 2:
2a. Compile - postscript
2b. Compiler passes
2b. Independent language
Level 3: Assembly language
Level 4: Loading
Level 5: Machine Instructions
Storage in Hard disk
Disk access
Memory access
Cache
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Monday, December 23, 2013
Monday, November 11, 2013
Wiliam Montgomery Watt, The formative period of Islamic thought
Ahl as-sunna wa-l-Jama`a, "people of the tradition of Muhammad and the consensus of the Ummah" is the main subject of the book titled The formative period of Islamic thought written by William Montgomery Watt. He explained about the formation of main sects and schools after prophet Muhammed till mid tenth century AD which is the end of formatve period, analyzed its course and influence to the mainline Islam.
The book has 3 parts, The Begninngs(632-750), The Century of struggle(750-850) and The triumph of Sunnism(850-945). Part one has 5 chapters -
The book has 3 parts, The Begninngs(632-750), The Century of struggle(750-850) and The triumph of Sunnism(850-945). Part one has 5 chapters -
Chapter 1 the Kharijites(main topic - murder of Uthman, happening at Siffin, Harura and an-Nahrawan, ibn-al-Azraq and Najda/Najdites),
Chapter 2 proto-Shiíte phenomena under the umayyads(main topic - 'the family' possessed special qualities),
Chapter 3 the general religious movement (main topics - politics in umayyad period and Hasan al Basri),
Chapter 4 God's determination of events(main topic - ummayad claim of divine authority and Qadarites), and
Chapter 5 Faith and community(Main topic - postponement of a decision about Uthman and Ali, iman vs islam, moral laxity and Murjites and Jahmites).
Part two has 3 chapters -
Part two has 3 chapters -
Chapter 6 the establishmet of the Abbasids (main topics - theoretical basis of Abbaside rule, Rafidites or Imamites, Zaydites, Uthmanites and the self assertion of Persians),
Chapter 7 the attraction of reasoning (main topic - begninngs of reasoning and Kalãm, early exponents - Hisham, Dirãr, Bishr al Marisi and an-Najjar, and Al-Kindi and the Falãsifa) and
Chapter 8 the great Mu`tazilites (main topic - the school of Basra and Baghdad and five principles)
Part 3 has two chapters -
Part 3 has two chapters -
Chapter 9 the polarity of Sunnism and Shí`ism (main topic - Sunni - canon of Traditions, legal rites or schools, Quranic sciences and Sufîs, and Shî`ites - Ismal'ites or seveners, Zaydism in Yemen and formation of Imamism) and
the final chapter 10 the maturing of Sunnite theology (main topic - Sunnites - aftermath of Mihna, the hanafites, ibn-Kullab and al-Qalanisi, ibn-Karram and Ahmad ibn-Hanbal, the silver age of Mu`tazilsm, al-Ash`ari and al-Mãturidi from Samarqand, by the death of al-Ash`ari doctrines of creed has attained more or less final form)
Friday, February 15, 2013
Richard Courant and John: Introduction to calculus and analysis
Calculus can be considered as a set of methodologies developed over a period of time to solve various mathematical problems especially in the field of physics but not limited to it. Newton and Leibniz are considered to be pioneers in that . This book covers basic to advanced topics in that field. The author explained limits, differentiation, integration, its applications, Taylor/power series, numerical analysis and Fourier/trignometric series. This book will be useful for those who are working in/pursuing that field.
Tuesday, February 5, 2013
Calculus Made Easy - Silvanus P. Thompson
I was looking for a book on calculus which gives solid foundation on the subject, from which I can relate to the real world. I got to know about this book on Google searching. I recommend this book to the students of calculus to get better understanding of the subject.
The author demystifies most of the notations used in the subject and makes this stream of mathematics more accessible for an average person.
Book deals with basic differentiation, integration and its applications.
The author demystifies most of the notations used in the subject and makes this stream of mathematics more accessible for an average person.
Book deals with basic differentiation, integration and its applications.
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